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Old and obsolete input data commands.


`coupl` = Definition of a coupling property or a coupling between two masses
`func` = Definition of a function
`lsys` = Definition of a local coordinate system
`mass` = Definition of a mass
`s_var` = Definition of variables to be stored for post-processing.


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`coupl` = 'c_type`, input(*)

Outdated subcommands:

c_lin Defines a linear damping component
c_nlin Defines a non-linear damping component
creep_sq Defines a contact point, with a creep-force law according to SIMFO
crip Defines a contact point, with a creep-force law according to Kalker's simplified theory
crip_u Similar to 'coupl crip', but the position of the contact point is continuously updated when calculating the moments acting on the axle and track.
derailm_1 Defines a contact element between two bodies
k_lin Defines a linear stiffness
k_nlin Defines a non-linear stiffness
k_lin_nd Defines non-diagonal linear stiffness components

c_type = `c_lin`

Defines a damper with a linear property between two masses.
The dampers working direction is given in dire1 and dire2, which are expressed in the common esys which the two connecting bodies have. If the connecting bodies are not related to the same esys, an error will occur and the coupling cannot be created. Damper with working direction `c` or `cu`, may not have the length 0 (zero), as the value zero does not have a direction.

 coupl c_lin `c_name' `body1' `dire1` +-`a1 +-`b1 +-`h1
                      `body2' `dire2` +-`a2 +-`b2 +-`h2 damp
c_name = Name of the coupling created.
body1 = Name of body no. 1, which the coupling is connected to.
dire1 = `x`, `y`, `z`, `c`, `cu`
Working direction for the coupling end connected to body1.
In addition to the Cartesian coordinates are the directions `c` and `cu`. Direction `c` refers to the direction specified by the coupling's attachment points, i.e the force runs in the direction of the element. The transformation matrix is calculated when the coupling is read in the input reading phase of the program. The same transformation matrix is then used during the entire calculation. Direction `cu` has a similar function to `c`, the difference being that the transformation matrix is updated continuously as the bodies move.
a1,b1,h1 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 1, expressed in body 1's local coordinate system lsys.
body2 = Name of body no. 2 to which the coupling connects.
dire2 = Direction of body no. 2 which the coupling acts in. Direction of body 2 must comply with body 1, otherwise an error will occur.
a2,b2,h2 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 2, expressed in body 2's local coordinate system lsys.
damp = Value of the damping constant.

Variables generated in the main memory:

Input variables:

c_name.v = Value of the damping constant.
c_name.l = Length of the coupling. The length is calculated in the same direction as the coupling's direction of action.
c_name.m1 = Mass number of body 1.
c_name.a1 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 1.
c_name.b1 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 1.
c_name.h1 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 1.
c_name.m2 = Mass number of body 2.
c_name.a2 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 2.
c_name.b2 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 2.
c_name.h2 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 2.

Output variables:
Deformation velocities over the coupling:
c_name.dx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.dy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.dz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.df = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.dk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.dp = In the p-direction of esys.

Force variables generated by the coupling:
c_name.Fx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.Fy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.Fz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.Mf = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.Mk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.Mp = In the p-direction of esys.

If the working direction is c or cu, also the following variables are available:
c_name.d = Deformation velocity in the direction of the coupling.
c_name.F = The generated force in the direction of the coupling.

Generated force variables on connected bodies:
c_name.F1x = Force acting on body #1 in the x-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1y = Force acting on body #1 in the y-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1z = Force acting on body #1 in the z-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1f = Moment acting on body #1 in the f-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1k = Moment acting on body #1 in the k-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1p = Moment acting on body #1 in the p-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F2x = Force acting on body #2 in the x-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2y = Force acting on body #2 in the y-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2z = Force acting on body #2 in the z-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2f = Moment acting on body #2 in the f-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2k = Moment acting on body #2 in the k-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2p = Moment acting on body #2 in the p-direction of body #2's lsys.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu

c_type = `c_nlin`

Defines a damper with a non-linear property between two masses.
The Dampier's working direction is given in dire1 and dire2, which are expressed in the common esys which the two connecting bodies have. If the connecting bodies are not related to the same esys, an error will occur and the coupling cannot be created. Damper with working direction `c` or `cu`, may not have the length 0 (zero), as the value zero does not have a direction.

 coupl c_nlin  `c_name' `body1' `dire1` +-`a1 +-`b1 +-`h1
                        `body2' `dire2` +-`a2 +-`b2 +-`h2
                         nd d1,F1 d2,F2 ... d(nd),F(nd)
c_name = Name of the coupling created.
body1 = Name of body no. 1 to which the coupling connects.
dire1 = `x`, `y`, `z`, `c`, `cu`
Working direction for the coupling end connected to body1.
In addition to the Cartesian coordinates are the directions `c` and `cu`. Direction `c` refers to the direction specified by the coupling's attachment points, i.e the force runs in the direction of the element. The transformation matrix is calculated in the input reading phase of the program. The same transformation matrix is then used during the entire calculation. Direction `cu` has a similar function to `c`, the difference being that the transformation matrix is updated continuously as the bodies move.
a1,b1,h1 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 1, expressed in body 1's local coordinate system lsys.
body2 = Name of body no. 2 to which the coupling connects.
dire2 = Direction of body no. 2 which the coupling acts in. Direction of body 2 must comply with body 1, otherwise an error will occur.
a2,b2,h2 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 2, expressed in body 2's local coordinate system lsys.
nd = The number of points which describe the non-linearity of the damper.
d1,F1 = Deformation velocity point no. 1, and corresponding coupling force F1.
d2,F2 = Point no. 2 etc. up to d(nd), F(nd)

Variables generated in the main memory:

Input variables:

c_name.nb = Number of value pairs, describing the damping characteristic.
c_name.l = Length of the coupling. The length is calculated in the same direction as the coupling's direction of action.
c_name.m1 = Mass number of body 1.
c_name.a1 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 1.
c_name.b1 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 1.
c_name.h1 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 1.
c_name.m2 = Mass number of body 2.
c_name.a2 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 2.
c_name.b2 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 2.
c_name.h2 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 2.

Output variables:
Deformation velocities over the coupling:
c_name.dx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.dy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.dz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.df = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.dk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.dp = In the p-direction of esys.

Force variables generated by the coupling:
c_name.Fx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.Fy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.Fz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.Mf = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.Mk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.Mp = In the p-direction of esys.

If the working direction is c or cu, also the following variables are available:
c_name.d = Deformation velocity in the direction of the coupling.
c_name.F = The generated force in the direction of the coupling.

Generated force variables on connected bodies:
c_name.F1x = Force acting on body #1 in the x-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1y = Force acting on body #1 in the y-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1z = Force acting on body #1 in the z-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1f = Moment acting on body #1 in the f-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1k = Moment acting on body #1 in the k-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1p = Moment acting on body #1 in the p-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F2x = Force acting on body #2 in the x-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2y = Force acting on body #2 in the y-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2z = Force acting on body #2 in the z-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2f = Moment acting on body #2 in the f-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2k = Moment acting on body #2 in the k-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2p = Moment acting on body #2 in the p-direction of body #2's lsys.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu
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c_type = `creep_sq`

Defines a coupling between wheel and rail.

Please use coupling creep_lookuptable_1 instead.

The creep-forces which arise in the contact point are calculated from: contact pressure, creepage, the surfaces' radii of curvature, friction coefficient, material constants, and multiplication factors. The creep forces are calculated according to the same method as in program SIMFO_L.


  coupl creep_sq  `c_name' `track'  `a1 `b1 `h1
                           `axle'   `a2 `b2 `h2
                           `dummy1' `fzhr'       `dummy2'   `gamkp'   `dummy3'
                           `nux'    `nuy'        `spin'
                            Rh      `1/Rh+1/Rr   `1/Ryh+1/Ryr
                            mu  G    poissons_ratio
                            nuxmul   nuymul spimul

c_name = Name of the coupling created.
track = Name of the accompanying piece of track under the wheelset. An accompanying piece of track is defined as a normal body by e.g. the body command m_rigid_6.
a1,b1,h1 = The coupling's attachment coordinate for the accompanying piece of track. The coordinates are given in the track's local coordinate system.
axle = Name of the connecting axle. An axle (alt. Wheel) is defined as a normal body by e.g. the body command m_rigid_6, but the axle/wheel may not have its own vertical degree of freedom, as the axle/wheel is controlled by the track's vertical degrees of freedom plus the controlled displacement which the wheel-rail geometry functions cause.
a2,b2,h2 = The coupling's attachment coordinate on the wheelset. The coordinates are given in the wheelsets local coordinate system.
dummy1 = A previously applied input data quantity which, in present program version, has no significance.
fzhr = Vertical force which acts between the wheel and rail.
dummy2 = A previously applied input data quantity which, in present program version, has no significance.
gamkp = The angle of the contact surface x-rotation. Positive value is given for a clockwise rotation around the x-axis.
dummy3 = A previously applied input data quantity which, in present program version, has no significance.
nux = Longitudinal creepage.
The creepage is defined positive when the contact surface of the wheel moves faster in the positive x'-direction compared to the contact surface of the track. The x'-direction is defined as the longitudinal direction of the contact surface in plane with the surface. The x'-axis will always coincide with the x-axis of the local coordinate system of the wheelset and track, because of the shape of the rail-head.
nuy = Lateral creepage.
The creepage is defined positive when the contact surface of the wheel moves faster in the positive y'-direction compared to the contact surface of the track. The y'-direction is defined as the lateral direction of the contact surface in plane with the surface. The y'-axis will be perpendicular to both the x'-axle and z'-axle.
spin = Spin creepage.
The spin creepage is defined positive when the contact surface of the wheel rotates faster in the positive z'-rotation, compared to the rotation speed of the contact surface of the rail. The z'-axis is perpendicular to the contact surface, facing downwards. Due to the conical shape of the wheel-profiles we normally have positive spin creepage on the left-side wheel and negative spin creepage on the right-side wheel of the wheelset.
Rh = The wheel's rolling radius at the nominal running circle.
1/Rh+1/Rr = The sum of the wheel's and the rail's longitudinal curvatures in the contact point. This value is normally the same as 1/Rh, as the rail's curvature 1/Rr is usually the 0(zero). The rail's curvature 1/Rr can have a value in vertical curves and in vertical track irregularities, but the curves are normally so insignificantly small that it is not necessary to take them into consideration. This value is used to calculate the contact ellipse's a/b-ratio.
1/Ryh+1/Ryr = The sum of the wheel's and the rail's lateral curvature at the contact point. This value is received from the wheel-rail geometry functions when running program KPF. This value is used to calculate the contact ellipse's a/b-ratio.
mu = The coefficient of friction between wheel and rail.
G = The combined module of rigidity of wheel and rail.
poissons_ratio = The combined Poisson's ratio of wheel and rail.
nuxmul = Multiplication factor for the creepage coefficient in the longitudinal direction.
nuymul = Multiplication factor for the creepage coefficient in lateral direction.
spimul = Multiplication factor for the spin creepage coefficient. For information on the selection of multiplication factors, see the SIMFO_L documentation.

Variables generated in the main memory:
c_name.a1 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 1.
c_name.b1 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 1.
c_name.h1 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 1.
c_name.a2 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 2.
c_name.b2 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 2.
c_name.h2 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 2.
c_name.Fnx = Longitudinal creep force in plane with the contact surface. Positive value gives positive force on the track at the contact point surface level.
c_name.Fny = Lateral creep force in plane with the contact surface. Positive value gives positive force on the track at the contact point surface level.

Generated force variables on connected bodies:
c_name.Fx = The force in the x-direction between wheelset and track. Positive force gives a positive acceleration to the track.
c_name.Fy = The force in the y-direction between wheelset and track. Positive force gives a positive acceleration to the track.
c_name.Fz = The force in the z-direction between wheelset and track. Positive force gives a positive acceleration to the track.
c_name.M1f = The moment from the coupling affecting body #1 in direction f.
c_name.M1k = The moment from the coupling affecting body #1 in direction k.
c_name.M1p = The moment from the coupling affecting body #1 in direction p.
c_name.M2f = The moment from the coupling affecting body #2 in direction f.
c_name.M2k = The moment from the coupling affecting body #2 in direction k.
c_name.M2p = The moment from the coupling affecting body #2 in direction p.
Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu
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c_type = `crip`

Defines a coupling between wheel and rail.

Please use coupling creep_lookuptable_1 instead.

The creep-forces which arise in the contact point are calculated from: contact pressure, creepage, the surfaces' radii of curvature, friction coefficient, material constants. The creep forces are interpolated from a four-dimensional matrix, where the input data quantities are creep, creepage direction, spin and the contact ellipse's a/b-ratio By introducing dimensionless parameters for the creepage the four-dimensional matrix can be calculated in advance, and stored in a block data subroutine. The four-dimensional matrix has been calculated according to Kalker's simplified theory.


  coupl crip  `c_name' `track' +-`a1 +-`b1 +-`h1
                       `axle'  +-`a2 +-`b2 +-`h2
                       `dummy1   `fnzhr
                       `gamkp' `nux' `nuy' `spin'
                       `1/Rh+1/Rr `1/Ryh+1/Ryr +-`mu
                        E  poissons_ratio `dummy2`

c_name = Name of the coupling created.
track = Name of the accompanying piece of track under the axle.
a1,b1,h1 = The coupling's attachment coordinate for the accompanying piece of track. The coordinates are given in the track's local coordinate system.
axle = Name of the connecting axle or wheel.
a2,b2,h2 = The coupling's attachment coordinate on the axle. The coordinates are given in the axle's local coordinate system.
dummy1 = A previously applied input data quantity which, in present program version, has no significance.
fznhr = The vertical projection of the contact force between wheel and rail.
gamkp = The angle of the contact surface x-rotation. Positive value is given for a clockwise rotation around the x-axis.
nux = Longitudinal creepage.
The creepage is defined positive when the contact surface of the wheel moves faster in the positive x'-direction compared to the contact surface of the track. The x'-direction is defined as the longitudinal direction of the contact surface in plane with the surface. The x'-axis will always coincide with the x-axis of the local coordinate system of the wheelset and track, because of the shape of the rail-head.
nuy = Lateral creepage.
The creepage is defined positive when the contact surface of the wheel moves faster in the positive y'-direction compared to the contact surface of the track. The y'-direction is defined as the lateral direction of the contact surface in plane with the surface. The y'-axis will be perpendicular to both the x'-axle and z'-axle.
spin = Spin creepage.
The spin creepage is defined positive when the contact surface of the wheel rotates faster in the positive z'-rotation, compared to the rotation speed of the contact surface of the rail. The z'-axis is perpendicular to the contact surface, facing downwards. Due to the conical shape of the wheel-profiles we normally have positive spin creepage on the left-side wheel and negative spin creepage on the right-side wheel of the wheelset.
1/Rh+1/Rr = The sum of the wheel's and the rail's longitudinal curvatures in the contact point. This value is normally the same as the projection of 1/Rh in the longitudinal direction. Longitudinal curvature of the rail 1/Rr can occur in vertical curves and in vertical track irregularities, but the curvature is normally so small that it can be neglected. This value is used to calculate the a/b-ratio of the contact ellipse.
1/Ryh+1/Ryr = The sum of the wheel's and the rail's lateral curvature at the contact point. This value is received from the wheel-rail geometry functions when running program KPF. This value is used to calculate the a/b-ratio of the contact ellipse.
mu = The coefficient of friction between wheel and rail.
E = The combined modulus of elasticity of wheel and rail. E can normally be set to 2.05E11.
poissons_ratio = The combined Poisson's ratio of wheel and rail.
dummy2 = A previously applied input data quantity which, in present program version, has no significance.

Variables generated in the main memory:
c_name.a1 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 1.
c_name.b1 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 1.
c_name.h1 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 1.
c_name.a2 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 2.
c_name.b2 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 2.
c_name.h2 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 2.
c_name.a/b = The a/b-ratio of the contact ellipse. The semi-axle a is oriented in the longitudinal direction, and the semi-axle b is oriented in the lateral direction. If a/b = 1, the contact point is circular.
c_name.c = The geometrical average radii of the contact ellipse, c is calculated according to:
 c = sqrt(a*b)
where:
a = the length of the contact ellipse longitudinal semi-axle.
b = the length of the contact ellipse lateral semi-axle.
c_name.nya = The direction of creepage. Input creep to the coupling is nux and nuy. These values are converted in crip to a total creep and a creep direction. The direction of creepage are measured relative to the positive x-axes, thus leading to the following: c_name.nya = 0 creep in positive x-direction. c_name.nya = pi/2 creep in positive y-direction. c_name.nya = pi creep in negative x-direction. c_name.nya =-pi/2 creep in negative y-direction.
c_name.uny = Dimensionless creepage parameter calculated according to the following equation:
 c_name.uny = c_nu * ro / mu / c_name.c
Where:
c_nu = creepage in direction c_name.nya
ro = The lateral difference in curvature between wheel and rail at the contact point.
mu = The coefficient of friction between wheel and rail.
c_name.usp = Dimensionless spin parameter calculated according to the following equation:
 c_name.usp = c_spin * ro / mu
Where:
c_spin = Spin creepage.
ro = The lateral difference in curvature between wheel and rail at the contact point.
mu = The coefficient of friction between wheel and rail.
c_name.Fnx = Longitudinal creep force in plane with the contact surface. Positive value gives positive force on the track at the contact point surface level.
c_name.Fny = Lateral creep force in plane with the contact surface. Positive value gives positive force on the track at the contact point surface level.

Generated force variables on connected bodies:
c_name.Fx = The force in the x-direction between wheelset and track. Positive force gives a positive acceleration to the track.
c_name.Fy = The force in the y-direction between wheelset and track. Positive force gives a positive acceleration to the track.
c_name.Fz = The force in the z-direction between wheelset and track. Positive force gives a positive acceleration to the track.
c_name.M1f = The moment from the coupling affecting body #1 in direction f.
c_name.M1k = The moment from the coupling affecting body #1 in direction k.
c_name.M1p = The moment from the coupling affecting body #1 in direction p.
c_name.M2f = The moment from the coupling affecting body #2 in direction f.
c_name.M2k = The moment from the coupling affecting body #2 in direction k.
c_name.M2p = The moment from the coupling affecting body #2 in direction p.
Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu
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c_type = `crip_u`

Defines a coupling between wheel and rail.

Please use coupling creep_lookuptable_1 instead.

Coupling `crip_u` is similar to the coupling `crip`, but with the addition that the moments on the connecting masses is calculated on the updated geometry. The moments are, thereby, calculated in the same way as in the couplings k, ,_l, k_r, c, c_l and c_r.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu
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c_type = `derailm_1`

Defines a contact element between two bodies.

This coupling is similar to the derailm_2 but is less flexible.

The coupl-element can for example be used in simulations of a derailment. In the coupling body1 can be any of wheel, disk for brakes, motor, gearbox, gardbeam, , , etc. The coupling has the following principal appearance:

derailm_1.gif

If any side of the three surfaces of body1 comes into contact of any surface of body2, a lateral and/or vertical contact force will occur. Also in longitudinal direction a force will occur. The longitudinal force will be set equal to the contact force times the coefficient of friction mu_x. The longitudinal force acting on body1, will be in opposite direction relative to the longitudinal speed of body1.



  coupl derailm_1 `c_name'
                  `body1' +-`a1 +-`b1 +-`h1
                  `body2' +-`a2 +-`b2 +-`h2  esys
                +-`stiffy  +-`stiffz
                +-`dampny  +-`dampnz
                +-`mu_x
                +-`body1_y1  +-`body1_y2
                +-`body1_z1
                +-`body2_y1  +-`body2_y2  +-`body2_y3  +-`body2_y4  +-`body2_y5  +-`body2_y6
                +-`body2_z1  +-`body2_z2  +-`body2_z3  +-`body2_z4  +-`body2_z5

c_name =Name of the coupling created.
body1 =Name of body no. 1, which the coupling is connected to.
a1,b1,h1 =The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 1, expressed in body 1's local coordinate system lsys.
body2 =Name of body no. 2 to which the coupling connects.
a2,b2,h2 =The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 2, expressed in body 2's local coordinate system lsys.
esys =The coordinate system in which the coupling force will be calculated.
stiffy =Stiffness when two vertical surfaces meets.
stiffz =Stiffness when two horizontal surfaces meets.
dampny =Damping when two vertical surfaces meets.
dampnz =Damping when two horizontal surfaces meets.
mu_x =Longitudinal coefficient of friction when the surfaces meets.
body1_y1-2 =Dimension of upper surface given relative to the coordinate (a1,b1,h1).
body1_z1 =Dimension of upper surface given relative to the coordinate (a1,b1,h1).
body2_y1-6 =Dimension of lower surface given relative to the coordinate (a2,b2,h2).
body2_z1-5 =Dimension of lower surface given relative to the coordinate (a2,b2,h2).

Variables generated in the main memory:

Input variables:
c_name.m1 = Mass number of body 1.
c_name.a1 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 1.
c_name.b1 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 1.
c_name.h1 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 1.
c_name.m2 = Mass number of body 2.
c_name.a2 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 2.
c_name.b2 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 2.
c_name.h2 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 2.
c_name.ky = Lateral stiffness stiffy.
c_name.kz = Vertical stiffness stiffz.
c_name.cy = Lateral damping stiffy.
c_name.cz = Vertical damping stiffz.
c_name.mux= Longitudinal friction.
c_name.yu1= Attachment coordinate body1_y1.
c_name.yu2= Attachment coordinate body1_y2.
c_name.zu1= Attachment coordinate body1_z1.
c_name.yl1= Attachment coordinate body2_y1.
c_name.yl2= Attachment coordinate body2_y2.
c_name.yl3= Attachment coordinate body2_y3.
c_name.yl4= Attachment coordinate body2_y4.
c_name.yl5= Attachment coordinate body2_y5.
c_name.yl6= Attachment coordinate body2_y6.
c_name.zl1= Attachment coordinate body2_z1.
c_name.zl2= Attachment coordinate body2_z2.
c_name.zl3= Attachment coordinate body2_z3.
c_name.zl4= Attachment coordinate body2_z4.
c_name.zl5= Attachment coordinate body2_z5.

Output variables:
Deformation of the coupling:
c_name.dx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.dy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.dz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.df = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.dk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.dp = In the p-direction of esys.

Force variables generated by the coupling:
c_name.Fx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.Fy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.Fz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.Mf = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.Mk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.Mp = In the p-direction of esys.

Generated force variables on connected bodies:
c_name.F1x = Force acting on body #1 in the x-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1y = Force acting on body #1 in the y-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1z = Force acting on body #1 in the z-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1f = Moment acting on body #1 in the f-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1k = Moment acting on body #1 in the k-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1p = Moment acting on body #1 in the p-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F2x = Force acting on body #2 in the x-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2y = Force acting on body #2 in the y-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2z = Force acting on body #2 in the z-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2f = Moment acting on body #2 in the f-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2k = Moment acting on body #2 in the k-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2p = Moment acting on body #2 in the p-direction of body #2's lsys.

Usage:
- Coupling derailm_1 has mainly been designed for simulations in a derailment situation, when different parts of the bogie and/or the axle hits the track.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu

c_type = `k_lin`

Defines a spring with a linear property between two masses.
The working direction of the spring is given in dire1 and dire2, which are expressed in the common esys which the two connecting bodies have. If the connecting bodies are not defined in the same esys, an error will occur and the coupling cannot be created. A spring with working direction `c` or `cu`, may not have the length 0 (zero), as the value zero does not have a direction.

 coupl k_lin  `c_name' `body1' `dire1` +-`a1 +-`b1 +-`h1
                       `body2' `dire2` +-`a2 +-`b2 +-`h2  stiff
c_name = Name of the coupling created.
body1 = Name of body no. 1, which the coupling is connected to.
dire1 = `x`, `y`, `z`, `c`, `cu`
Working direction for the coupling end connected to body1.
In addition to the Cartesian coordinates are the directions `c` and `cu`. Direction `c` refers to the direction specified by the coupling's attachment points, i.e the force runs in the direction of the element. The transformation matrix is calculated when the coupling is read in the input reading phase of the program. The same transformation matrix is then used during the entire calculation. Direction `cu` has a similar function to `c`, the difference being that the transformation matrix is updated continuously as the bodies move.
a1,b1,h1 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 1, expressed in body 1's local coordinate system lsys.
body2 = Name of body no. 2 to which the coupling connects.
dire2 = Direction of body no. 2 which the coupling acts in. Direction of body 2 must comply with body 1, otherwise an error will occur.
a2,b2,h2 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 2, expressed in body 2's local coordinate system lsys.
stiff = The stiffness of the coupling.

Variables generated in the main memory:

Input variables:
c_name.v = Stiffness of the coupling.
c_name.l = Length of the coupling. The length is calculated in the same direction as the coupling's direction of action.
c_name.m1 = Mass number of body 1.
c_name.a1 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 1.
c_name.b1 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 1.
c_name.h1 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 1.
c_name.m2 = Mass number of body 2.
c_name.a2 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 2.
c_name.b2 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 2.
c_name.h2 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 2.

Output variables:
Deformation of the coupling:
c_name.dx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.dy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.dz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.df = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.dk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.dp = In the p-direction of esys.

Force variables generated by the coupling:
c_name.Fx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.Fy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.Fz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.Mf = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.Mk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.Mp = In the p-direction of esys.

If the working direction is c or cu, also the following variables are available:
c_name.d = Deformation in the direction of the coupling.
c_name.F = The generated force in the direction of the coupling.

Generated force variables on connected bodies:
c_name.F1x = Force acting on body #1 in the x-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1y = Force acting on body #1 in the y-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1z = Force acting on body #1 in the z-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1f = Moment acting on body #1 in the f-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1k = Moment acting on body #1 in the k-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1p = Moment acting on body #1 in the p-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F2x = Force acting on body #2 in the x-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2y = Force acting on body #2 in the y-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2z = Force acting on body #2 in the z-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2f = Moment acting on body #2 in the f-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2k = Moment acting on body #2 in the k-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2p = Moment acting on body #2 in the p-direction of body #2's lsys.
Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu

c_type = `k_nlin`

Defines a spring with a non-linear property between two masses.
The working direction of the spring is given in dire1 and dire2, which are expressed in the common esys which the two connecting bodies have. If the connecting bodies are not related to the same esys, an error will occur and the coupling cannot be created. Damper with working direction `c` or `cu`, may not have the length 0 (zero), as the value zero does not have a direction.

 coupl k_nlin  `c_name' `body1' `dire1` +-`a1 +-`b1 +-`h1
                        `body2' `dire2` +-`a2 +-`b2 +-`h2
                         nd d1,F1 d2,F2 ... d(nd),F(nd)
c_name = Name of the coupling created.
body1 = Name of body no. 1 to which the coupling connects.
dire1 = `x`, `y`, `z`, `c`, `cu`
Working direction for the coupling end connected to body1.
In addition to the Cartesian coordinates are the directions `c` and `cu`. Direction `c` refers to the direction specified by the coupling's attachment points, i.e the force runs in the direction of the element. The transformation matrix is calculated in the input reading phase of the program. The same transformation matrix is then used during the entire calculation. Direction `cu` has a similar function to `c`, the difference being that the transformation matrix is updated continuously as the bodies move.
a1,b1,h1 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 1, expressed in body 1's local coordinate system lsys.
body2 = Name of body no. 2 to which the coupling connects.
dire2 = Direction of body no. 2 which the coupling acts in. Direction of body 2 must comply with body 1, otherwise an error will occur.
a2,b2,h2 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 2, expressed in body 2's local coordinate system lsys.
nd = The number of points which describe the non-linearity of the spring.
d1,F1 = Deformation point no. 1, and corresponding coupling force F1.
d2,F2 = Point no. 2 etc. up to d(nd), F(nd)

Variables generated in the main memory:

Input variables:

c_name.nb = Number of value pairs, describing the stiffness characteristic.
c_name.l = Length of the coupling. The length is calculated in the same direction as the coupling's direction of action.
c_name.m1 = Mass number of body 1.
c_name.a1 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 1.
c_name.b1 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 1.
c_name.h1 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 1.
c_name.m2 = Mass number of body 2.
c_name.a2 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 2.
c_name.b2 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 2.
c_name.h2 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 2.

Output variables:
Deformation of the coupling:
c_name.dx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.dy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.dz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.df = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.dk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.dp = In the p-direction of esys.

Force variables generated by the coupling:
c_name.Fx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.Fy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.Fz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.Mf = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.Mk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.Mp = In the p-direction of esys.

If the working direction is c or cu, also the following variables are available:
c_name.d = Deformation in the direction of the coupling.
c_name.F = The generated force in the direction of the coupling.

Generated force variables on connected bodies:
c_name.F1x = Force acting on body #1 in the x-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1y = Force acting on body #1 in the y-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1z = Force acting on body #1 in the z-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1f = Moment acting on body #1 in the f-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1k = Moment acting on body #1 in the k-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1p = Moment acting on body #1 in the p-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F2x = Force acting on body #2 in the x-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2y = Force acting on body #2 in the y-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2z = Force acting on body #2 in the z-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2f = Moment acting on body #2 in the f-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2k = Moment acting on body #2 in the k-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2p = Moment acting on body #2 in the p-direction of body #2's lsys.
Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu

c_type = `k_lin_nd`

Defines a linear non-diagonal stiffness component in a 6-dimensional stiffness matrix. The components location is given by dire1 and dire2, which is expressed in the common esys of the two connecting bodies. If dire1 and dire2 are the same, the stiffness will be a diagonal stiffness component which also can be defined in 'coupl k_lin'.

 coupl k_lin_nd  `c_name' `body1' `dire1` `a1 `b1 `h1
                          `body2' `dire2` `a2 `b2 `h2  stiff
c_name = Name of the coupling created.
body1 = Name of body no. 1, which the coupling is connected to.
dire1 = `x`, `y`, `z`, `c`, `cu`
Working direction for the coupling end connected to body1.
In addition to the Cartesian coordinates are the directions `c` and `cu`. Direction `c` refers to the direction specified by the coupling's attachment points, i.e the force runs in the direction of the element. The transformation matrix is calculated when the coupling is read in the input reading phase of the program. The same transformation matrix is then used during the entire calculation. Direction `cu` has a similar function to `c`, the difference being that the transformation matrix is updated continuously as the bodies move.
a1,b1,h1 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 1, expressed in body 1's local coordinate system lsys.
body2 = Direction of body no. 2 which the coupling acts in. Direction of body 2 must comply with body 1, otherwise an error will occur.
a2,b2,h2 = The coupling's attachment coordinate in body 2, expressed in body 2's local coordinate system lsys.
stiff = The stiffness of the coupling.

Variables generated in the main memory:

Input variables:

c_name.k = The component's stiffness value.
c_name.l = Length of the coupling. The length is calculated in the same direction as the coupling's direction of action.
c_name.a1 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 1.
c_name.b1 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 1.
c_name.h1 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 1.
c_name.a2 = Attachment coordinate in x-direction on body 2.
c_name.b2 = Attachment coordinate in y-direction on body 2.
c_name.h2 = Attachment coordinate in z-direction on body 2.

Output variables:
Deformation of the coupling:
c_name.dx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.dy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.dz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.df = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.dk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.dp = In the p-direction of esys.

Force variables generated by the coupling:
c_name.Fx = In the x-direction of esys.
c_name.Fy = In the y-direction of esys.
c_name.Fz = In the z-direction of esys.
c_name.Mf = In the f-direction of esys.
c_name.Mk = In the k-direction of esys.
c_name.Mp = In the p-direction of esys.

Generated force variables on connected bodies:
c_name.F1x = Force acting on body #1 in the x-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1y = Force acting on body #1 in the y-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F1z = Force acting on body #1 in the z-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1f = Moment acting on body #1 in the f-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1k = Moment acting on body #1 in the k-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.M1p = Moment acting on body #1 in the p-direction of body #1's lsys.
c_name.F2x = Force acting on body #2 in the x-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2y = Force acting on body #2 in the y-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.F2z = Force acting on body #2 in the z-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2f = Moment acting on body #2 in the f-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2k = Moment acting on body #2 in the k-direction of body #2's lsys.
c_name.M2p = Moment acting on body #2 in the p-direction of body #2's lsys.
Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Coupl Menu
blurulr2.gif

`func` = 'f_type`, input(*)


Old subcommand:Replaced by: 
`create_s`, `create_sinit` `create_spline`, `create_spline_init` Creates a spline interpolated variable.
`crip_d1` `crip_d1` Connecting wheelsets to rigid rails.
`crip_e1` `crip_e1` Connecting wheelsets to flexible mounted rails.
`intpl_track_irr` `intpl_track_irr2` Reads a track file written in trac- or trax-format.
`oper`, `oper_init` `operp`, `operp_init` Execute algebraic operations in sequence.
`rolling_fatigue_1` `rolling_fatigue_3` Calculation of RCF-indexes.
`rolling_fatigue_2` `rolling_fatigue_3` Calculation of RCF-indexes, with consideration taken to wear rate.
`trc_irr_e1` `wr_coupl_pe3` Interpolate in track irregularities and kpfr-files.
`wr_coupl_pe1` `wr_coupl_pe3` Convenience function which connects a wheelset to a vehicle following track-piece. Creep forces are calculated in a lookup table.
`wr_coupl_pe2` `wr_coupl_pe4` Handles varying rail profiles along the track.
`wr_coupl_pr1` `wr_coupl_pr3` Connects a wheelset to the rails; Massless rails; Creep forces calculated in Fasim.
`wr_coupl_pra1` `wr_coupl_pra3` Connects a wheelset to the rails; Massless rails; Creep forces calculated in Fasim; Wear according to Archard's law.



f_type = `create_s`

Creates a spline interpolated variable, with a discontinuous second derivative.
This function has been replaced with create_spline, which has a continuous second derivative.




f_type = `crip_d1`

This track data model do not model the rails with own degree of freedoms. Please replace this track data model with wr_coupl_pe1.
N.B. stiffness knwr and knfr has to be increased and stiffnesses between rail and track has to be defined. See further instructions under wr_coupl_pe1.

Function for the calculation of creepage and creep forces between wheelsets and accompanying piece of track. In the substructure of the file crip_d1.ins, all the function commands have been replaced by this one function. The function crip_d1 has the same properties as crip_e1 with the addition that crip_d1 also takes into consideration that the contact point is displaced in longitudinal direction when the wheel profile is conical and the axle has an angle of attack relative to the track. To enable the function crip_d1 to be used, certain variables must have a certain determined names. These variables are:

Vo = Nominal velocity of the vehicle.
my = Friction coefficient.
Roc# = The wheel's nominal radius measured on the running circle of the wheels in car body c#.
Boh = Width from the middle of the track to the running circle of the right wheel.
Bov = Width from the middle of the track to the running circle of the left wheel.
drkpha# = Change of wheel radius, right wheel
drkpva# = Change of wheel radius, left wheel
gamkpha#= Angle of contact surface, right wheel
gamkpva#= Angle of contact surface, left wheel
rohrha# = The difference in lateral curvature between wheel and rail in the contact point, right wheel.
rohrva# = The difference in lateral curvature between wheel and rail in the contact point, left wheel.
lsa_a# = The local coordinate system of the axle.
axl_a# = Name of the axle mass.
trc_a# = Name of the accompanying piece of track.
trala# = Name of the track irregularity variables.
Where:
a# = axle number
c# = car body number


  func crip_d1  a_no c_no

a_no= axle number.
c_no= car body number.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Func Menu



f_type = `crip_e1`

This track data model do not model the rails with own degree of freedoms. Please replace this track data model with wr_coupl_pe1.
N.B. stiffness knwr and knfr has to be increased and stiffnesses between rail and track has to be defined. See further instructions under wr_coupl_pe1.

Function for the calculation of creepage and creep forces between wheelsets and accompanying piece of track.
In the substructure of the file crip_d1.ins, all the function commands have been replaced by this single function. The function crip_e1 has the same properties as the previous substructure in file $gensys/calc/insert_files/crip.ins. To enable the function crip_e1 to be used, certain variables must have specific determined names. These variables are:

Vo = Nominal velocity of the vehicle.
my = Friction coefficient.
Roc# = The wheel's nominal radius measured on the running circle of the wheels in car body c#.
Boh = Width from the middle of the track to the running circle of the right wheel.
Bov = Width from the middle of the track to the running circle of the left wheel.
drkpha# = Change of wheel radius, right wheel
drkpva# = Change of wheel radius, left wheel
gamkpha#= Angle of contact surface, right wheel
gamkpva#= Angle of contact surface, left wheel
rohrha# = The difference in lateral curvature between wheel and rail in the contact point, right wheel.
rohrva# = The difference in lateral curvature between wheel and rail in the contact point, left wheel.
lsa_a# = The local coordinate system of the axle.
axl_a# = Name of the axle mass.
trc_a# = Name of the accompanying piece of track.
trala# = Name of the track irregularity variables.
Where:
a# = axle number
c# = car body number


  func crip_e1  a_no c_no

a_no = axle number.
c_no = car body number.
Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Func Menu



f_type = `intpl_track_irr`

Reads a track file written in trac- or trax-format.

This command reads the track irregularities directly into the main memory of the program. This takes a lot of memory and slows down the calculations. Please use intpl_track_irr2 or intpl_track_irr3 instead.

Lines starting with a #-character will not be read. Command intpl_track_irr will be reading the track data file into four memory fields in the main memory of the program. The names of the fields generated will be given the following names:

lat_trac
Lateral track irregularities. Containing column number 1 and 2 from the track file.
vert_trac
Vertical track irregularities. Containing column number 1 and 3 from the track file.
spv_trac
Gauge. Containing column number 1 and 4 from the track file.
fi_trac
Cant irregularities. Containing column number 1 and 5 from the track file.

  func intpl_track_irr  (+-`)xstart (+-`)xstop `file' (+-`)gauge_ends

Command `intpl_track_irr` starts reading the file at x=xstart and stop reading when x=xstop, x is the first column of the file. At both ends of the track irregularity file command intpl_track_irr appends a smooth entrance and exit to the irregularities. This is done by four extra data points in the beginning and end of the data file. This smoothing process takes place over a distance of 10 [m]. In order to ensure that the vehicle will start on an ideal track, the starting position of the first axle of the first vehicle must be placed 10 [m] before the starting coordinate of the track. For lat_trac, vert_trac and fi_trac the errors will be 0(zero) 10 [m] before the track and 10 [m] after the track. The value of spv_trac will be gauge_ends 10 [m] before the track and 10 [m] after the track.
If the text string "Ideal_track" is given instead of a file name, command intpl_track_irr will create an ideal track without track irregularities.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Func Menu



f_type = `oper` and `oper_init`

This command has been replaced by operp. Command operp performs the algebraic operations with priority. Operp handles parenthesis up to 101 levels.

Creates a variable which is based on several algebraic operations in sequence.
The ingoing variables can be variables or constants. On execution of the statement, no priority is given between the different operands. The statement is executed from left to right. Should the user require the operations to be executed in a different order, this can be done with the use of parentheses. Parentheses can only be given in one level. Reading of input data into 'func oper', will continue until a new main command according to Input data main-commands has been read.


  func oper       `f_name' +-`var1 `oper1` +-`var2 `oper2` ...
  func oper_init  `f_name' +-`var1 `oper1` +-`var2 `oper2` ...

f_name = Name of the newly created variable. If f_name already is defined, it will be overwritten by this command, and a warning message will be written on standard output.
var1 = Name of input variable or data constant 1.
oper1 = Operation number 1
var2 = Name of input variable or data constant 2.
oper2 = Operation number 2

The following symbols represent permitted operations:
'+' = Plus sign for addition.
'-' = Minus sign for subtraction.
'*' = Asterisk or multiplication sign for multiplication.
'/' = Slash or division symbol for division.
'(' = Left parenthesis marking the beginning of a parenthesis.
')' = Right parenthesis marking the end of a parenthesis.

Nota Bene! A delimiter must be used between every `var and `oper`. A delimiter is either a space or a comma. Operations are carried out from left to right without any priority between the operations. Parentheses are only permitted up to one level.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Func Menu



f_type = `rolling_fatigue_1`

Calculation of a fatigue indexes for rolling contact environments.

This function sets the RCF indexes to a low value if the contact angle of the contact point exceeds a certain value. Setting the limit on the contact angle is not a good method, a better method is using the energy dissipation in the contact surface as in function rolling_fatigue_3.

The fatigue indexes are calculated according to the theories presented in the paper "An engineering model for prediction of rolling contact fatigue of railway wheels" written by Anders Ekberg, Elena Kabo, and Hans Andersson, , October 29, 2001.
The function is very similar to rolling_fatigue_2. In rolling_fatigue_2 the user have the posibility to enter a wear limit instead of the Contact_angle_limit, which is used here in rolling_fatigue_1.


  func rolling_fatigue_1 f_name  wheel,
       Yield_stress_in_shear,   Dang_Van_mtrl_param,
       Residual_stress,         Contact_angle_limit,
       Contact_force_llim

f_name = Basename of the created variables. Output consists of three indexes: f_name.FPs, f_name.FPb and f_name.FPd.
wheel = Wheel to be examined. For example 111r.
Yield_stress_in_shear = The value of the yield stress in pure shear.
Dang_Van_mtrl_param = Material parameter in the Dang Van criterion.
Typical value: 0.32-0.40
Residual_stress = Hydrostatic part of the residual stress at a depth of approx. 5[mm].
Recommended value: 0 [N/m**2].
Contact_angle_limit = Over a certain contact angle, the wear rate is larger than crack growth.
Recommended value for Contact_angle_limit is: 0.15 [rad].
Contact_force_llim = Lower limit of normal force. Below this limit fatigue is not considered even if the contact surface is very small.
Recommended value: 10 % of the normal quasi static wheel load.

In the paper "An engineering model for prediction of rolling contact fatigue of railway wheels", three fatigue indexes are suggested: FPs="Surface fatigue index", FPb="Subsurface fatigue index" and FPd="Deep defects fatigue index".


Name of output variables:
f_name.FPs = Surface fatigue index
f_name.FPb = Subsurface fatigue index
f_name.FPd = Deep defects fatigue index

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Func Menu



f_type = `rolling_fatigue_2`

Calculation of a fatigue indexes for rolling contact environments.

This function sets the RCF indexes to a low value if the energy dissipation between wheel and rail exceeds a certain value. This method has shown to switch too easily between risk for RCF and no risk for RCF, and is therefore no longer recommended. Please use the smoother function rolling_fatigue_3 instead.

The fatigue indexes are calculated according to the theories presented in the paper "An engineering model for prediction of rolling contact fatigue of railway wheels" written by Anders Ekberg, Elena Kabo, and Hans Andersson, , October 29, 2001.
The function is very similar to rolling_fatigue_1, but in rolling_fatigue_2 the user have the possibility to enter a wear limit. If the wear exceeds this wear limit no crack initiation risk is considered to be present.


  func rolling_fatigue_2 f_name  wheel,
       Yield_stress_in_shear,   Dang_Van_mtrl_param,
       Residual_stress,         Wear_limit,
       Contact_force_llim

f_name = Basename of the created variables. Output consists of three indexes: f_name.FPs, f_name.FPb and f_name.FPd.
wheel = Wheel to be examined. For example 111r.
Yield_stress_in_shear = The value of the yield stress in pure shear.
Dang_Van_mtrl_param = Material parameter in the Dang Van criterion.
Typical value: 0.32-0.40
Residual_stress = Hydrostatic part of the residual stress at a depth of approx. 5[mm].
Recommended value: 0 [N/m**2].
Wear_limit = Over a certain energy dissipation, the wear rate is larger than crack growth. Recommended value: 150 [Nm].
Contact_force_llim = Lower limit of normal force. Below this limit fatigue is not considered even if the contact surface is very small.
Recommended value: 10 % of the normal quasi static wheel load.

In the paper "An engineering model for prediction of rolling contact fatigue of railway wheels", three fatigue indexes are suggested: FPs="Surface fatigue index", FPb="Subsurface fatigue index" and FPd="Deep defects fatigue index".

Name of output variables:
f_name.FPs = Surface fatigue index
f_name.FPb = Subsurface fatigue index
f_name.FPd = Deep defects fatigue index


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f_type = `trc_irr_e1`

This track data model do not model the rails with own degree of freedoms. Please replace this track data model with wr_coupl_pe1.
N.B. stiffness knwr and knfr has to be increased and stiffnesses between rail and track has to be defined. See further instructions under wr_coupl_pe1.

Large function which interpolates track irregularities and kpf-functions.
In the substructure on the file trc_irr_e.ins, all the functional commands have been replaced by this single function. The function trc_irr_el has the same properties as the previous substructure in the file $gensys/calc/insert_files/trc_irr.ins in addition to interpolation in the track memory field, which in trc_irr.ins is made by linear interpolation, is in trc_irr_el made by splines. In order to use the function trc_irr_el, certain variables must have specific names. These variables are:

axl_a# = Name of the axle.
trc_a# = Name of the accompanying piece of track.
lat_trac = Storage space for lateral irregularities.
spv_trac = Storage space for gauge irregularities.
vert_trac = Storage space for vertical irregularities.
fi_trac = Storage space for rolling irregularities.
YMtrac = Multiplication factor for lateral irregularities.
SVtrac = Multiplication factor for gauge irregularities.
ZMtrac = Multiplication factor for vertical irregularities.
FItrac = Multiplication factor for rolling irregularities.
sv_trac = Average gauge of the track.
sv_c# = Desired average gauge for the actual carbody.
Boh = Distance from the center of the track to the right nominal running circle of the wheel.
Bov = Distance from the center of the track to the left nominal running circle of the wheel.
Vo = Nominal velocity of vehicle.
Roc# = The wheel's radius at the nominal running circle of the wheel for the actual carbody.
zkp_rc# = Wheel-rail geometry function describing the wheel lift.
drkp_rc# = Wheel-rail geometry function describing the increase in the wheel's rolling radius.
gamkph_rc# = Wheel-rail geometry function describing the angle of the contact point right wheel.
gamkpv_rc# = Wheel-rail geometry function describing the angle of the contact point left wheel.
rohr_rc# = Wheel-rail geometry function describing the curvature between wheel and rail in the contact point.

  func trc_irr_e1  a# c#

Where:
a# = axle number.
c# = car body number.


Variables which are created in the function trc_irr_e1 are given the following names:


trala#.y = Track center line's lateral irregularity.
trala#h.y = Lateral irregularity right rail.
trala#v.y = Lateral irregularity left rail.
trala#h.z = Vertical irregularity right rail.
trala#v.z = Vertical irregularity left rail.
trala#h.vy = Velocity of lateral irregularity right rail.
trala#v.vy = Velocity of lateral irregularity left rail.
trala#h.vz = Velocity of vertical irregularity right rail.
trala#v.vz = Velocity of vertical irregularity left rail.
trala#.f = Roll angle irregularity.
trala#h.k = Pitch angle irregularity right rail.
trala#v.k = Pitch angle irregularity left rail.
trala#h.p = Yaw angle irregularity right rail.
trala#v.p = Yaw angle irregularity left rail.
etaha# = Lateral distance between the nominal running circles of wheel and rail (right wheel).
etava# = Lateral distance between the nominal running circles of wheel and rail (left wheel).
drkpha# = Increase in rolling radius of the wheel, due to the wheel-rail geometry function (right wheel).
drkpva# = Increase in rolling radius of the wheel, due to the wheel-rail geometry function (left wheel).
gamkpha# = Angle of contact point right wheel.
gamkpva# = Angle of contact point left wheel.
zkpha# = Wheel lift, due to the wheel-rail geometry function (right wheel).
zkpva# = Wheel lift, due to the wheel-rail geometry function (left wheel).
rohrha# = Difference in lateral curvature between wheel and rail in the contact point right wheel.
rohrva# = Difference in lateral curvature between wheel and rail in the contact point left wheel.

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f_type = `wr_coupl_pe1`

Connects a wheelset to the track.
This function is obsolete please use func wr_coupl_pe3 instead.

In function wr_coupl_pe1 the rails are modeled as massless masses. The stiffness normal to the wheel/rail contact surface is defined in variable knwr. The rails are connected to the track via springs and dampers: kyrt, cyrt, kzrt and czrt. Two different contact surfaces can be in contact simultaneously. The calculations of creep forces are made in a lookup table calculated by Fasim. In order to further reduce the amount of input data in the users input data file this function can be called via the substructure wr_coupl_pe1.ins
A figure of the created track model:

analyse_wr_coupl_pe1.gif
  func wr_coupl_pe1   $2  $1
#
       cpt_$2r  trc_$2  cpt_$2r.ksi cpt_$2r.bo  cpt_$2r.za
                axl_$2  cpt_$2r.xa  cpt_$2r.bo  cpt_$2r.za
                Not_used     cpt_$2r.fzwrn
                cpt_$2r.gam  cpt_$2r.nuxm  cpt_$2r.nuym  cpt_$2r.spim
                cpt_$2r.irx  cpt_$2r.iry   cpt_$2r.mu
                cpt_$2r.E    cpt_$2r.nu    cpt_$2r.dire
#
       cpt_$2l  trc_$2  cpt_$2l.ksi cpt_$2l.bo  cpt_$2l.za
                axl_$2  cpt_$2l.xa  cpt_$2l.bo  cpt_$2l.za
                Not_used     cpt_$2l.fzwrn
                cpt_$2l.gam  cpt_$2l.nuxm  cpt_$2l.nuym  cpt_$2l.spim
                cpt_$2l.irx  cpt_$2l.iry   cpt_$2l.mu
                cpt_$2l.E    cpt_$2l.nu    cpt_$2l.dire
#
       cpf_$2r  trc_$2  cpf_$2r.ksi cpf_$2r.bo  cpf_$2r.za
                axl_$2  cpf_$2r.xa  cpf_$2r.bo  cpf_$2r.za
                Not_used     cpf_$2r.fzwrn
                cpf_$2r.gam  cpf_$2r.nuxm  cpf_$2r.nuym  cpf_$2r.spim
                cpf_$2r.irx  cpf_$2r.iry   cpf_$2r.mu
                cpf_$2r.E    cpf_$2r.nu    cpf_$2r.dire
#
       cpf_$2l  trc_$2  cpf_$2l.ksi cpf_$2l.bo  cpf_$2l.zt
                axl_$2  cpf_$2l.xa  cpf_$2l.bo  cpf_$2l.za
                Not_used     cpf_$2l.fzwrn
                cpf_$2l.gam  cpf_$2l.nuxm  cpf_$2l.nuym  cpf_$2l.spim
                cpf_$2l.irx  cpf_$2l.iry   cpf_$2l.mu
                cpf_$2l.E    cpf_$2l.nu    cpf_$2l.dire
$2 = Number of the axle to be evaluated.
$1 = Number of the vehicle.
cpt_$2r = Name of first contact point on right wheel
trc_$2 = Body #1 in the coupling, which shall be the name of the piece of mass under the axle
axl_$2 = Body #2 in the coupling, which shall be the name of the axle
cpt_$2r.ksi = Longitudinal coordinate on trc_$2 of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.xa = Longitudinal coordinate on axl_$2 of the contact point, should be equal to 0.
cpt_$2r.bo = Lateral coordinate of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.za = Vertical coordinate of the contact point, normally equal to 0.
cpt_$2r.fzwrn = Normal contact force multiplied by cos(gam). The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.gam = Angle of contact point in roll direction. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.nuxm = Longitudinal creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_nux (see below). The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.nuym = Lateral creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_nuy (see below). The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.spim = Spin creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_spin (see below). The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.irx = Longitudinal curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.iry = Lateral curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.mu = Coefficient of friction in contact point
cpt_$2r.E = Modulus of elasticity
cpt_$2r.nu = Poisson's ratio
cpt_$2r.dire = Direction of action, must be set equal to "z".
cpt_$2l = Name of first contact point on left wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above
cpf_$2r = Name of second contact point on right wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above
cpf_$2l = Name of second contact point on left wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above

Function wr_coupl_pe1 also require that the follwing variables exists in main memory:

Vo = Initial longitudinal speed of vehicle
ro_$2r, ro_$2l = Nominal rolling radius of right and left wheel respectively.
knwr_$2r, knwr_$2l = Stiffness perpendicular to the contact surface contact point #1 (tread). Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
knfr_$2r, knfr_$2l = Stiffness perpendicular to the contact surface contact point #2 (flange). Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
kyrt_$2r, kyrt_$2l = Lateral stiffness between right rail and track. Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
kzrt_$2r, kzrt_$2l = Vertical stiffness between right rail and track. Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
cyrt_$2r, cyrt_$2l = Lateral damping between right rail and track. Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
czrt_$2r, czrt_$2l = Vertical damping between right rail and track. Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
gauge_average = Average gauge of track data. How to use gauge_average please see example in analyse_r_vehicle.html
gauge_dev_$2 = Deviation of gauge width. How to use gauge_average please see example in analyse_r_vehicle.html
YMtrac = Multiplying factor for lateral track irregularities
ZMtrac = Multiplying factor for vertical track irregularities
GMtrac = Multiplying factor for gauge irregularities
CMtrac = Multiplying factor for cant irregularities
lat_trac = Lateral track irregularities (positive direction= right)
vert_trac = Vertical track irregularities (positive direction= down)
gauge_trac = Gauge track irregularities (positive direction= wider gauge)
fi_trac = Cant track irregularities (positive direction= positive rotation around the X-axle)
lsa_$2 = Name of coordinate system for the wheelset
axl_$2 = Name of body wheelset
trc_$2 = Name of the track-piece under the wheelset

If one or more of the follwing variables exists in main memory, they will also be used as input data. If the variable not can be found in input data its default value will be used.

Variable   Description Default value
bo = Lateral semi-distance to nominal rolling circle of the wheels    0.75
pknwr = Controls how the contact stiffnesses shall be modeled:
0= Hertzian contact stiffness
1= Linear contact stiffness
   1
knwr.F0_$2r, knwr.F0_$2l = Pre-stress force in contact stiffness knwr    0.
kzrt.F0_$2r, kzrt.F0_$2l = Pre-stress force in stiffness kzrt    0.
mulfact_nux_cpt_$2 = Long. creep relaxation factor contact point 1 wheel $2    1.
mulfact_nuy_cpt_$2 = Lateral creep relaxation factor contact point 1 wheel $2    1.
mulfact_spin_cpt_$2 = Spin creep relaxation factor contact point 1 wheel $2    1.
mulfact_nux_cpf_$2 = Long. creep relaxation factor contact point 2 wheel $2    1.
mulfact_nuy_cpf_$2 = Lateral creep relaxation factor contact point 2 wheel $2    1.
mulfact_spin_cpf_$2 = Spin creep relaxation factor contact point 2 wheel $2    1.
mulfact_nux_cptr = Longitudinal creep relaxation factor contact point 1 all wheels right side    1.
mulfact_nuy_cptr = Lateral creep relaxation factor contact point 1 all wheels right side    1.
mulfact_spin_cptr = Spin creep relaxation factor contact point 1 all wheels right side    1.
mulfact_nux_cpfr = Longitudinal creep relaxation factor contact point 2 all wheels right side    1.
mulfact_nuy_cpfr = Lateral creep relaxation factor contact point 2 all wheels right side    1.
mulfact_spin_cpfr = Spin creep relaxation factor contact point 2 all wheels right side    1.
mulfact_nux_cptl = Longitudinal creep relaxation factor contact point 1 all wheels left side    1.
mulfact_nuy_cptl = Lateral creep relaxation factor contact point 1 all wheels left side    1.
mulfact_spin_cptl = Spin creep relaxation factor contact point 1 all wheels left side    1.
mulfact_nux_cpfl = Longitudinal creep relaxation factor contact point 2 all wheels left side    1.
mulfact_nuy_cpfl = Lateral creep relaxation factor contact point 2 all wheels left side    1.
mulfact_spin_cpfl = Spin creep relaxation factor contact point 2 all wheels left side    1.

Created output variables:
(In order to reduce the size of the table, the names of the contact points cpt_$2r, cpt_$2l, cpf_$2r, cpf_$2l has been replaced with cpx_)
cpx_.dr =   Deviation in wheel rolling radius due to wheel/rail geometry function
cpx_.gam =   Roll angle of contact area
cpx_.z =   Wheel lift due to wheel/rail geometry function
cpx_.irx =   Longitudinal curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.iry =   Lateral curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.nux =   Longitudinal creepage in contact point cpx_
cpx_.nuy =   Lateral creepage in contact point cpx_
cpx_.spin =   Spin creepage in contact point cpx_
cpx_.nuxm =   Longitudinal creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.nuym =   Lateral creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_nuy, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.spinm =   Spin creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_spin, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.ksi =   The longitudinal position of the contact point on the rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.posw =   The position of the contact point on the wheel, relative to the nominal running circle
cpx_.posr =   The position of the contact point on the rail, relative to the nominal running circle
cpx_.bo =   The lateral position of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.c =   Geometrical average radii of the contact ellipse, calculated according to: c= √ a · b 
cpx_.a_b =   Contact ellipse a/b-ratio.
kyrt$2r.F1y =   Lateral force in stiffness kyrt under right rail
kyrt$2l.F1y =   Lateral force in stiffness kyrt under left rail
cyrt$2r.F1y =   Lateral force in damper cyrt under right rail
cyrt$2l.F1y =   Lateral force in damper cyrt under left rail
kzrt$2r.F1z =   Vertical force in stiffness kzrt under right rail
kzrt$2l.F1z =   Vertical force in stiffness kzrt under left rail
czrt$2r.F1z =   Vertical force in damper czrt under right rail
czrt$2l.F1z =   Vertical force in damper czrt under left rail
cpx_.Fn =   Normal contact force
cpx_.fzwrn =   Normal contact force multiplied by cos(gam). The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.Fny =   Lateral force, tangential to the contact surface
cpx_.Fx =   Longitudinal force, positive on rail
cpx_.Fy =   Horizontal lateral force, positive on rail
cpx_.Fz =   Vertical force, positive on rail
tral$2.y =   Lateral track irregularities, track center line
tral$2r.y =   Lateral track irregularities, right rail
tral$2l.y =   Lateral track irregularities, left rail
tral$2r.z =   Vertical track irregularities, right rail
tral$2l.z =   Vertical track irregularities, left rail
tral$2r.vy =   Lateral speed track irregularities, right rail
tral$2l.vy =   Lateral speed track irregularities, left rail
tral$2r.vz =   Vertical speed track irregularities, right rail
tral$2l.vz =   Vertical speed track irregularities, left rail
tral$2.f =   Track irregularities in roll direction
tral$2r.k =   Pitch irregularities right rail
tral$2l.k =   Pitch irregularities left rail
tral$2r.p =   Yaw irregularities right rail
tral$2l.p =   Yaw irregularities left rail
ral_$2r.y =   Lateral position of the massless rail-head right
ral_$2l.y =   Lateral position of the massless rail-head left
ral_$2r.vy =   Lateral speed of the massless rail-head right
ral_$2l.vy =   Lateral speed of the massless rail-head left
ral_$2r.z =   Vertical position of the massless rail-head right
ral_$2l.z =   Vertical position of the massless rail-head left
ral_$2r.vz =   Vertical speed of the massless rail-head right
ral_$2l.vz =   Vertical speed of the massless rail-head left

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f_type = `wr_coupl_pe2`

Connects a wheelset to the track. Handles varying rail profiles along the track. The function has been replaced with wr_coupl_pe4.

In function wr_coupl_pe2 the rails are modeled as massless masses. The stiffness normal to the wheel/rail contact surface is defined in variable knwr. The rails are connected to the track via springs and dampers: kyrt, cyrt, kzrt and czrt. Two different contact surfaces can be in contact simultaneously. The calculations of creep forces are made in a lookup table calculated by Fasim. In order to further reduce the amount of input data in the users input data file this function can be called via the substructure wr_coupl_pe2.ins

A figure of the created track model: analyse_wr_coupl_pe2.gif

  func wr_coupl_pe2   $2  $1
#
  cpt_$2r                               # Name of contact point #1 right side
  trc_$2                                # Name of body track
  cpt_$2r.ksi cpt_$2r.bo cpt_$2r.za     # Attachment point body track
  axl_$2                                # Name of body wheelset
  cpt_$2r.xa  cpt_$2r.bo cpt_$2r.za     # Attachment point body wheelset
  Not_used                              # Redundant input data variable
  fzwrnr$2                              # Normal contact force multiplied by cos(gam)
  cpt_$2r.gam                           # Angle of contact point in roll direction.
  cpt_$2r.nux cpt_$2r.nuy cpt_$2r.spin  # Creepages in contact point
  cpt_$2r.irx cpt_$2r.iry               # Long. and lat. curvatures in contact point
  cpt_$2r.mu                            # Coefficient of friction
  mulfact_nux_cpt$1r mulfact_nuy_cpt$1r # Creepage reduction due to contaminated 
  mulfact_spin_cpt$1r                   # rail surface
  cpt_$2r.E cpt_$2r.nu cpt_$2r.dire     # Modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio
#
  cpt_$2l                               # Name of contact point #1 left side
  trc_$2                                # Name of body track
  cpt_$2l.ksi cpt_$2l.bo  cpt_$2l.za    # Attachment point body track
  axl_$2                                # Name of body wheelset
  cpt_$2l.xa  cpt_$2l.bo  cpt_$2l.za    # Attachment point body wheelset
  Not_used                              # Redundant input data variable
  fzwrnl$2                              # Normal contact force multiplied by cos(gam)
  cpt_$2l.gam                           # Angle of contact point in roll direction.
  cpt_$2l.nux cpt_$2l.nuy cpt_$2l.spin  # Creepages in contact point
  cpt_$2l.irx  cpt_$2l.iry              # Long. and lat. curvatures in contact point
  cpt_$2l.mu                            # Coefficient of friction
  mulfact_nux_cpt$1l mulfact_nuy_cpt$1l # Creepage reduction due to contaminated 
  mulfact_spin_cpt$1l                   # rail surface
  cpt_$2l.E cpt_$2l.nu cpt_$2l.dire     # Modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio
#
  cpf_$2r                               # Name of contact point #2 right side
  trc_$2                                # Name of body track
  cpf_$2r.ksi cpf_$2r.bo cpf_$2r.za     # Attachment point body track
  axl_$2                                # Name of body wheelset
  cpf_$2r.xa  cpf_$2r.bo cpf_$2r.za     # Attachment point body wheelset
  Not_used                              # Redundant input data variable
  fzfrnr$2                              # Normal contact force multiplied by cos(gam)
  cpf_$2r.gam                           # Angle of contact point in roll direction.
  cpf_$2r.nux cpf_$2r.nuy cpf_$2r.spin  # Creepages in contact point
  cpf_$2r.irx cpf_$2r.iry               # Long. and lat. curvatures in contact point
  cpf_$2r.mu                            # Coefficient of friction
  mulfact_nux_cpf$1r mulfact_nuy_cpf$1r # Creepage reduction due to contaminated 
  mulfact_spin_cpf$1r                   # rail surface
  cpf_$2r.E cpf_$2r.nu cpf_$2r.dire     # Modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio
#
  cpf_$2l                               # Name of contact point #2 left side
  trc_$2                                # Name of body track
  cpf_$2l.ksi cpf_$2l.bo  cpf_$2l.za    # Attachment point body track
  axl_$2                                # Name of body wheelset
  cpf_$2l.xa  cpf_$2l.bo  cpf_$2l.za    # Attachment point body wheelset
  Not_used                              # Redundant input data variable
  fzfrnl$2                              # Normal contact force multiplied by cos(gam)
  cpf_$2l.gam                           # Angle of contact point in roll direction.
  cpf_$2l.nux cpf_$2l.nuy cpf_$2l.spin  # Creepages in contact point
  cpf_$2l.irx  cpf_$2l.iry              # Long. and lat. curvatures in contact point
  cpf_$2l.mu                            # Coefficient of friction
  mulfact_nux_cpf$1l mulfact_nuy_cpf$1l # Creepage reduction due to contaminated 
  mulfact_spin_cpf$1l                   # rail surface
  cpf_$2l.E cpf_$2l.nu cpf_$2l.dire     # Modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio

$2 = Number of the axle to be evaluated.
$1 = Number of the vehicle.
cpt_$2r = Name of first contact point on right wheel
trc_$2 = Body #1 in the coupling, which shall be the name of the piece of mass under the axle
axl_$2 = Body #2 in the coupling, which shall be the name of the axle
cpt_$2r.ksi = Longitudinal coordinate on trc_$2 of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.xa = Longitudinal coordinate on axl_$2 of the contact point, should be equal to 0.
cpt_$2r.bo = Lateral coordinate of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.za = Vertical coordinate of the contact point, normally equal to 0.
fzwrnr$2 = Normal force multiplied by cos(gam). The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.gam = Angle of contact point in roll direction. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.nux = Longitudinal creepage in the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.nuy = Lateral creepage in the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.spin= Spin creepage in the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.irx = Longitudinal curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.iry = Lateral curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pe2, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.mu = Coefficient of friction in contact point
cpt_$2r.E = Modulus of elasticity
cpt_$2r.nu = Poisson's ratio
cpt_$2r.dire= Direction of action, must be set equal to "z".
cpt_$2l = Name of first contact point on left wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above
cpf_$2r = Name of second contact point on right wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above
cpf_$2l = Name of second contact point on left wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above

Function wr_coupl_pe2 also require that the follwing variables exists in main memory:

Vo = Initial longitudinal speed of vehicle
ro_$2r, ro_$2l = Nominal rolling radius of right and left wheel respectively.
knwr_$2r, knwr_$2l = Stiffness perpendicular to the contact surface contact point #1 (tread). Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
knfr_$2r, knfr_$2l = Stiffness perpendicular to the contact surface contact point #2 (flange). Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
kyrt_$2r, kyrt_$2l = Lateral stiffness between right rail and track. Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
kzrt_$2r, kzrt_$2l = Vertical stiffness between right rail and track. Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
cyrt_$2r, cyrt_$2l = Lateral damping between right rail and track. Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
czrt_$2r, czrt_$2l = Vertical damping between right rail and track. Recommended values see knwr_p.runf
gauge_average = Average gauge of track data. How to use gauge_average please see example in analyse_r_vehicle.html
gauge_dev_$2 = Deviation of gauge width. How to use gauge_average please see example in analyse_r_vehicle.html
YMtrac = Multiplying factor for lateral track irregularities
ZMtrac = Multiplying factor for vertical track irregularities
GMtrac = Multiplying factor for gauge irregularities
CMtrac = Multiplying factor for cant irregularities
lat_trac = Lateral track irregularities (positive direction= right)
vert_trac = Vertical track irregularities (positive direction= down)
gauge_trac = Gauge track irregularities (positive direction= wider gauge)
fi_trac = Cant track irregularities (positive direction= positive rotation around the X-axle)
lsa_$2 = Name of coordinate system for the wheelset
axl_$2 = Name of body wheelset
trc_$2 = Name of the track-piece under the wheelset

If one or more of the follwing variables exists in main memory, they will also be used as input data. If the variable not can be found in input data its default value will be used.

Variable   Description Default value
bo = Lateral semi-distance to nominal rolling circle of the wheels 0.75
pknwr = Controls how the contact stiffnesses shall be modeled:
(0= Hertzian contact stiffness)
(1= Linear contact stiffness)
1
knwr.F0_$2r, knwr.F0_$2l = Pre-stress force in contact stiffness knwr 0.
kzrt.F0_$2r, kzrt.F0_$2l = Pre-stress force in stiffness kzrt 0.

Created output variables:
In addition to func wr_coupl_pe1 also the following variables will be created:
cp_X.ifield = Showing the number of current rail section
cp_X.rpos = The relative position between two rail sections
Where X is the number of the wheelset.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Func Menu



f_type = `wr_coupl_pr1`

Connects a wheelset to the rails.
Function wr_coupl_pr1 also creates two massless rails under each wheel of the wheelset, two contact points on each wheel, springs and dampers between rails and track. The calculations of creep forces are made in strips by Fasim. This function is called by substructure wr_coupl_pr1.ins.


  func wr_coupl_pr1   $2  $1
#
       cpt_$2r  trc_$2      cpt_$2r.ksi cpt_$2r.bo   cpt_$2r.za
                axl_$2      cpt_$2r.xa  cpt_$2r.bo   cpt_$2r.za
                cpt_$2r.Fn  cpt_$2r.gam cpt_$2r.nuxm cpt_$2r.nuym cpt_$2r.spim
                cpt_$2r.irx cpt_$2r.iry cpt_$2r.m    cpt_$2r.n    cpt_$2r.mu_adh
                cpt_$2r.G   cpt_$2r.nu  cpt_$2r.mu_slip
#
       cpt_$2l  trc_$2      cpt_$2l.ksi cpt_$2l.bo   cpt_$2l.za
                axl_$2      cpt_$2l.xa  cpt_$2l.bo   cpt_$2l.za
                cpt_$2l.Fn  cpt_$2l.gam cpt_$2l.nuxm cpt_$2l.nuym cpt_$2l.spim
                cpt_$2l.irx cpt_$2l.iry cpt_$2l.m    cpt_$2l.n    cpt_$2l.mu_adh
                cpt_$2l.G   cpt_$2l.nu  cpt_$2l.mu_slip
#
       cpf_$2r  trc_$2      cpf_$2r.ksi cpf_$2r.bo   cpf_$2r.za
                axl_$2      cpf_$2r.xa  cpf_$2r.bo   cpf_$2r.za
                cpf_$2r.Fn  cpf_$2r.gam cpf_$2r.nuxm cpf_$2r.nuym cpf_$2r.spim
                cpf_$2r.irx cpf_$2r.iry cpf_$2r.m    cpf_$2r.n    cpf_$2r.mu_adh
                cpf_$2r.G   cpf_$2r.nu  cpf_$2r.mu_slip
#
       cpf_$2l  trc_$2      cpf_$2l.ksi cpf_$2l.bo   cpf_$2l.za
                axl_$2      cpf_$2l.xa  cpf_$2l.bo   cpf_$2l.za
                cpf_$2l.Fn  cpf_$2l.gam cpf_$2l.nuxm cpf_$2l.nuym cpf_$2l.spim
                cpf_$2l.irx cpf_$2l.iry cpf_$2l.m    cpf_$2l.n    cpf_$2l.mu_adh
                cpf_$2l.G   cpf_$2l.nu  cpf_$2l.mu_slip

$2 = Number of the axle to be evaluated.
$1 = Number of the vehicle.
cpt_$2r = Name of first contact point on right wheel.
trc_$2 = Body #1 in the coupling, which shall be the name of the piece of mass under the axle.
axl_$2 = Body #2 in the coupling, which shall be the name of the axle.
cpt_$2r.ksi = Longitudinal coordinate on trc_$2 of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.xa = Longitudinal coordinate on axl_$2 of the contact point, should be equal to 0.
cpt_$2r.bo = Lateral coordinate of contact point.
cpt_$2r.za = Vertical coordinate of contact point, normally equal to 0.
cpt_$2r.Fn = Normal force in the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.gam = Angle of contact point in roll. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.nuxm = Longitudinal creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.nuym = Lateral creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_nuy, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.spim = Spin creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_spin, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.irx = Longitudinal curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.iry = Lateral curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.m = Number of cells in longitudinal direction in which the contact point shall be divided into
cpt_$2r.n = Number of cells in lateral direction in which the contact point shall be divided into
cpt_$2r.mu_adh = Coefficient of friction in the adhesion zone of the contact point
cpt_$2r.G = Modulus of rigidity
cpt_$2r.nu = Poisson's ratio
cpt_$2r.mu_slip = Coefficient of friction in the slip zone of the contact point
cpt_$2l = Name of first contact point on left wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above
cpf_$2r = Name of second contact point on right wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above
cpf_$2l = Name of second contact point on left wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above

Output variables created:
(In order to reduce the size of the table, the names of the contact points cpt_$2r, cpt_$2l, cpf_$2r, cpf_$2l has been replaced with cpx_)
cpx_.dr = Deviation in wheel rolling radius due to wheel/rail geometry function
cpx_.gam = Roll angle of contact area
cpx_.z = Wheel lift due to wheel/rail geometry function
cpx_.irx = Longitudinal curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.iry = Lateral curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.nux = Longitudinal creepage in contact point cpx_.
cpx_.nuy = Lateral creepage in contact point cpx_.
cpx_.spin = Spin creepage in contact point cpx_.
cpx_.nuxm = Longitudinal creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.nuym = Lateral creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.spim = Spin creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.ksi = The longitudinal position of the contact point on the rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.posw = The position of contact point cpx_, relative to the nominal running circle
cpx_.posr = The position of contact point cpx_, relative to the nominal running circle
cpx_.bo = The lateral position of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
kyrt$2r.F1y = Lateral force in stiffness kyrt under right rail
kyrt$2l.F1y = Lateral force in stiffness kyrt under left rail
cyrt$2r.F1y = Lateral force in damper cyrt under right rail
cyrt$2l.F1y = Lateral force in damper cyrt under left rail
kzrt$2r.F1z = Vertical force in stiffness kzrt under right rail
kzrt$2l.F1z = Vertical force in stiffness kzrt under left rail
czrt$2r.F1z = Vertical force in damper czrt under right rail
czrt$2l.F1z = Vertical force in damper czrt under left rail
cpx_.Fn = Normal contact force. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.Fny = Lateral force, tangential to the contact surface
cpx_.Fx = Longitudinal force, positive on rail
cpx_.Fy = Horizontal lateral force, positive on rail
cpx_.Fz = Vertical force, positive on rail

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Func Menu



f_type = `wr_coupl_pra1`

Connects a wheelset to the rails.
Function wr_coupl_pra1 also creates two massless rails under each wheel of the wheelset, two contact points on each wheel, springs and dampers between rails and track. The calculations of creep forces are made in strips by Fasim. Evaluation of wear in the strips are made according to Archard's law. This function is called by substructure wr_coupl_pra1.ins.


  func wr_coupl_pra1  $2  $1
       H  V1  V2  V3   p1  p2
       k11 k12 k13 k14
       k21 k22 k23 k24
       k31 k32 k33 k34
#
       cpt_$2r  trc_$2      cpt_$2r.ksi cpt_$2r.bo   cpt_$2r.za
                axl_$2      cpt_$2r.xa  cpt_$2r.bo   cpt_$2r.za
                cpt_$2r.Fn  cpt_$2r.gam cpt_$2r.nuxm cpt_$2r.nuym cpt_$2r.spim
                cpt_$2r.irx cpt_$2r.iry cpt_$2r.m    cpt_$2r.n    cpt_$2r.mu_adh
                cpt_$2r.G   cpt_$2r.nu  cpt_$2r.mu_slip
#
       cpt_$2l  trc_$2      cpt_$2l.ksi cpt_$2l.bo   cpt_$2l.za
                axl_$2      cpt_$2l.xa  cpt_$2l.bo   cpt_$2l.za
                cpt_$2l.Fn  cpt_$2l.gam cpt_$2l.nuxm cpt_$2l.nuym cpt_$2l.spim
                cpt_$2l.irx cpt_$2l.iry cpt_$2l.m    cpt_$2l.n    cpt_$2l.mu_adh
                cpt_$2l.G   cpt_$2l.nu  cpt_$2l.mu_slip
#
       cpf_$2r  trc_$2      cpf_$2r.ksi cpf_$2r.bo   cpf_$2r.za
                axl_$2      cpf_$2r.xa  cpf_$2r.bo   cpf_$2r.za
                cpf_$2r.Fn  cpf_$2r.gam cpf_$2r.nuxm cpf_$2r.nuym cpf_$2r.spim
                cpf_$2r.irx cpf_$2r.iry cpf_$2r.m    cpf_$2r.n    cpf_$2r.mu_adh
                cpf_$2r.G   cpf_$2r.nu  cpf_$2r.mu_slip
#
       cpf_$2l  trc_$2      cpf_$2l.ksi cpf_$2l.bo   cpf_$2l.za
                axl_$2      cpf_$2l.xa  cpf_$2l.bo   cpf_$2l.za
                cpf_$2l.Fn  cpf_$2l.gam cpf_$2l.nuxm cpf_$2l.nuym cpf_$2l.spim
                cpf_$2l.irx cpf_$2l.iry cpf_$2l.m    cpf_$2l.n    cpf_$2l.mu_adh
                cpf_$2l.G   cpf_$2l.nu  cpf_$2l.mu_slip

$2 =Number of the axle to be evaluated.
$1 =Number of the vehicle.
H = Hardness in Vickers [N/m2]
V1 V2 V3 = Speeds separating different regions of the wear chart
p1 p2 = Pressures separating different regions of the wear chart
k?? = Wear coefficients for the different wear regions
cpt_$2r = Name of first contact point on right wheel
trc_$2 = Body #1 in the coupling, which shall be the name of the piece of mass under the axle
axl_$2 = Body #2 in the coupling, which shall be the name of the axle
cpt_$2r.ksi = Longitudinal coordinate on trc_$2 of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pr1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.xa = Longitudinal coordinate on axl_$2 of the contact point, should be equal to 0.
cpt_$2r.bo = Lateral coordinate of contact point.
cpt_$2r.za = Vertical coordinate of contact point, normally equal to 0.
cpt_$2r.Fn = Normal force in the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.gam = Angle of contact point in roll. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.nuxm = Longitudinal creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.nuym = Lateral creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_nuy, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.spim = Spin creepage in the contact point reduced with factor mulfact_spin, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.irx = Longitudinal curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.iry = Lateral curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpt_$2r is made.
cpt_$2r.m = Number of cells in longitudinal direction in which the contact point shall be divided into
cpt_$2r.n = Number of cells in lateral direction in which the contact point shall be divided into
cpt_$2r.mu_adh = Coefficient of friction in the adhesion zone of the contact point
cpt_$2r.G = Modulus of rigidity
cpt_$2r.nu = Poisson's ratio
cpt_$2r.mu_slip = Coefficient of friction in the slip zone of the contact point
cpt_$2l = Name of first contact point on left wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above
cpf_$2r = Name of second contact point on right wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above
cpf_$2l = Name of second contact point on left wheel
. . . . = Same type of input data as for contact point cpt_$2r above

Output variables created:
(In order to reduce the size of the table, the names of the contact points cpt_$2r, cpt_$2l, cpf_$2r, cpf_$2l has been replaced with cpx_)
cpx_.dr = Deviation in wheel rolling radius due to wheel/rail geometry function
cpx_.gam = Roll angle of contact area
cpx_.z = Wheel lift due to wheel/rail geometry function
cpx_.irx = Longitudinal curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpt_$2r.iry = Lateral curvature difference between wheel and rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.nux = Longitudinal creepage in contact point cpx_.
cpx_.nuy = Lateral creepage in contact point cpx_.
cpx_.spin = Spin creepage in contact point cpx_.
cpx_.nuxm = Longitudinal creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.nuym = Lateral creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.spim = Spin creepage in contact point cpx_ reduced by factor mulfact_nux, due to contamination and asperities. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.ksi = The longitudinal position of the contact point on the rail. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.posw = The position of contact point cpx_, relative to the nominal running circle
cpx_.posr = The position of contact point cpx_, relative to the nominal running circle
cpx_.bo = The lateral position of the contact point. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
kyrt$2r.F1y = Lateral force in stiffness kyrt under right rail
kyrt$2l.F1y = Lateral force in stiffness kyrt under left rail
cyrt$2r.F1y = Lateral force in damper cyrt under right rail
cyrt$2l.F1y = Lateral force in damper cyrt under left rail
kzrt$2r.F1z = Vertical force in stiffness kzrt under right rail
kzrt$2l.F1z = Vertical force in stiffness kzrt under left rail
czrt$2r.F1z = Vertical force in damper czrt under right rail
czrt$2l.F1z = Vertical force in damper czrt under left rail
cpx_.Fn = Normal contact force. The variable is defined and calculated by func wr_coupl_pra1, before the call to coupling cpx_ is made.
cpx_.Fny = Lateral force, tangential to the contact surface
cpx_.Fx = Longitudinal force, positive on rail
cpx_.Fy = Horizontal lateral force, positive on rail
cpx_.Fz = Vertical force, positive on rail
cpx_.wArchH_# = Material wear [m3/s] in the softer material H Vickers; contact area cpx_; strip number #
cpx_.wArchH = Material wear over the whole contact surface; sum of all strips.
cpx_.wArchS_# = Material wear [m3/s] similar to cpx_.wArchH_#; but reduced with respect to contamination and lubrication in the contact surface.
cpx_.wArchS = Material wear over the whole contact surface; sum of all strips.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu   Func Menu
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`lsys` = `l_type`, input(*)

Outdated subcommands:

e_var_bend has been replaced by e_abs_bend
e_var_bend2 has been replaced by e_abs_bend2
e_var_bendr has been replaced by e_abs_bendr
e_var_bendrf has been replaced by e_abs_bendrf
e_var_bends has been replaced by e_abs_bends

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu
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`mass` = `m_type`, input(*)

Outdated subcommands:

`massless12` has been replaced by `massless13`
`massless12p` has been replaced by `massless13p`

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu
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`s_var` = 's_type`, input(*)

Outdated subcommands:

gpdat_wr_info Write wheel-rail information to the GPdat-file
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s_type = `gpdat_wr_info`

This command is outdated because it cannot handle rail profiles that varies along the track. The command is replaced by gpdat_wheel_info , gpdat_rail_info_right and gpdat_rail_info_left for wheel, right rail and left rail respectively.

Old documentation:
Orders program TSIM to write wheel-rail information to the GPdat-file.
In post processor GPLOT the user has access to a plot mode Show 4 diags which shows a close-up view of the wheel- and rail-profile including the shape of the profiles, track forces, creep and contact forces, creepage and size of the contact ellipse. The wheel-rail information will be animated together with the model. The forces are written every N*tout (where N is an arbitrary integer).


  s_var gpdat_wr_info  wheel_name lsys.b w_prof r_prof

wheel_name = The name or number of wheel to be stored.
lsys.b = The name of the variable which contains the curvature of the track. The variable is used in the animation to show if the vehicle is negotiating a left or right handed curve.
w_prof = The name of the ASCII-file describing the shape of the wheel profile.
r_prof = The name of the ASCII-file describing the shape of the rail profile.

Reference Manuals   Calc menu   Input Data Menu
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