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Before a vehicle model can be created, information about the vehicle must be collected. Following list can assist you in this work:
Vehicle data
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i= Important data
e= Data that can be estimated
Principal dimensions
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i func const acb_= XXX # Bogie semi-distance
i func const aba_= XXX # Wheelset semi-distance within a bogie (long.)
Masses
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Car-body incl carbody-bogie links and upper ends of airbags
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i func const mc_ = XXX # Mass
e func const Jfc_= XXX # Moment of inertia, roll
e func const Jkc_= XXX # Moment of inertia, pitch
e func const Jpc_= XXX # Moment of inertia, yaw
i accg,bccg,hccg # Centre of gravity
Bogie frame incl motors & brakes, but no wheelsets and no primary links
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i func const mb_ = XXX # Mass
e func const Jfb_= XXX # Moment of inertia, roll
e func const Jkb_= XXX # Moment of inertia, pitch
e func const Jpb_= XXX # Moment of inertia, yaw
i abcg,bbcg,hbcg # Centre of gravity
Gearbox house
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Belongs to axle in x,y,f&p-directions
Has own degrees of freedom in direction k or belongs to the bogie frame
Has own degrees of freedom in direction z or belongs partly to bogie frame and partly to axle
i func const mg_ = XXX # Mass
e func const Jfg_= XXX # Moment of inertia, roll
e func const Jkg_= XXX # Moment of inertia, pitch
e func const Jpg_= XXX # Moment of inertia, yaw
i agcg,bgcg,hgcg # Centre of gravity
Primary links
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i func const mpl_ = XXX # Mass
e func const Jfpl_= XXX # Moment of inertia, roll
e func const Jkpl_= XXX # Moment of inertia, pitch
e func const Jppl_= XXX # Moment of inertia, yaw
i aplcg,bplcg,hplcg # Centre of gravity
axleboxes
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i func const mabox_ = XXX # Mass
e func const Jfabox_= XXX # Moment of inertia, roll
e func const Jkabox_= XXX # Moment of inertia, pitch
e func const Jpabox_= XXX # Moment of inertia, yaw
i aaboxcg,baboxcg,haboxcg # Centre of gravity
Axle(wheelset)
(May include axleboxes, brake discs, cogwheel & gearbox housing
if they not has been modeled separately)
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i func const ma_ = XXX # Mass
e func const Jfa_= XXX # Moment of inertia, roll
e func const Jka_= XXX # Moment of inertia, pitch
e func const Jpa_= XXX # Moment of inertia, yaw
i func const ro_ = XXX # Centre of gravity pos., vert. (i.e. same as wheel radius)
Couplings
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Secondary susp: Coil-springs
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coupl k_coil3
i kxcb kycb kzcb
e kfcb kkcb kpcb
e hfree hcomp rf
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Secondary susp: Airbag
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coupl k_air3 # Airbag Detailed model
i prop_kex kexki # For a description of input data parameters
i prop_key keyfi # see http://www.gensys.se/doc_html/calc.html
i prop_kez
i ffxmax x2 ffzmax z2
i kvx cx
i kvz czb beta m
# or
coupl k3_l # Airbag Simple model
i kxcb kycb kzcb # Longitudinal, lateral and vertical stiffness
e cxcb cycb czcb # Parallel viscous damping in airbag. (Can be estimated ~20% rel damping at 4Hz)
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Secondary susp: Anti-roll bar
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i func const kfcb= XXX # Anti-roll bar stiffness
i h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Secondary susp: Bogie-Carbody traction/brake longitudinal coupling
------------------------------------------------------------------
e func const ktr= XXX # Bogie-Carbody link stiffness. (The stiffness is probably very high.)
e func const ctr= XXX # Bogie-Carbody link parallel damping (Can be estimated ~20% rel damping at 4Hz)
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Secondary susp: Lateral bumpstops
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coupl p_nlin_s kycbs_= 0. #
i XXX XXX # Break-point #1 [m],[N] clearance
i XXX XXX # Break-point #2 [m],[N] symmetric property
i XXX XXX # Break-point #2 [m],[N]
i XXX XXX # Break-point #3 [m],[N] mechanic stop
i a1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Secondary susp: Vertical bumpstops
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coupl p_nlin kzcbs_= 0. #
i XXX XXX # Break-point #1 [m],[N] mechanic stop
i XXX XXX # Break-point #2 [m],[N] asymmetric property
i XXX XXX # Break-point #3 [m],[N] clearance
i XXX XXX # Break-point #4 [m],[N]
i XXX XXX # Break-point #5 [m],[N] clearance
i XXX XXX # Break-point #6 [m],[N]
i XXX XXX # Break-point #7 [m],[N] mechanic stop
i a1,b1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Secondary susp: Lateral viscous damper
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coupl p_nlin_st cycb = 0. #
i XXX XXX # Damping #1 [Nm/s], [m]
e XXX # Damping #2 [Nm/s] (NA if the damping characteristics is linear)
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Secondary susp: Vertical viscous damper
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coupl p_nlin_st czcb = 0. #
i XXX XXX # Damping #1 [Nm/s], [m]
e XXX # Damping #2 [Nm/s] (NA if the damping characteristics is linear)
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Secondary susp: Yaw viscous damper
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coupl p_nlin cccb_= 0.
i XXX XXX # Blow-off compression
i XXX XXX # Damping coeff. compression
i XXX XXX
i XXX XXX # Damping coeff. expansion
i XXX XXX # Blow-off expansion
e coupl p_lin kccb_= 0. XXX # series stiffness (Cut-off frequency ~10-12Hz)
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Primary susp: Coil springs
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i coupl p_lin kxbl_= 0. XXX # Stiffness
i coupl p_lin kybl_= 0. XXX # Stiffness
i coupl p_lin kzbl_= 0. XXX # Stiffness (Can be estimated with the formula k=d4G/(8D3N)
i kzbl.hs_free # Free length of springs
i kzbl.hs_tara # Length of springs at tare load
i kzbl.hs_compress # Length of springs fully compressed
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body at tare load
i a2,b2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame at tare load
Primary susp: Axle link bushing
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coupl p_lin36 kmbl_ = 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
i XXX 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. stiffness
i 0. XXX 0. 0. 0. 0.
e 0. 0. XXX 0. 0. 0. (Is probably equal to kmbl_xx)
e 0. 0. 0. XXX 0. 0. (Is probably equal to kmbl_pp)
i 0. 0. 0. 0. XXX 0.
i 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. XXX
coupl p_lin36 cmbl_ = 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
e `.2*kplbx/pi/4` 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. (Material damping
e 0. `.2*kplby/pi/4` 0. 0. 0. 0. can be estimated
e 0. 0. `.2*kplbz/pi/4` 0. 0. 0. ~20% rel damping at 4Hz)
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Primary susp: Lateral bumpstops
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coupl p_nlin_s kycbs_= 0. #
i XXX XXX # Break-point #1 [m],[N] clearance
i XXX XXX # Break-point #2 [m],[N] symmetric property
i XXX XXX # Break-point #2 [m],[N]
i XXX XXX # Break-point #3 [m],[N] mechanic stop
i a1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Primary susp: Vertical bumpstops
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coupl p_nlin kzcbs_= 0. #
i XXX XXX # Break-point #1 [m],[N] mechanic stop
i XXX XXX # Break-point #2 [m],[N] asymmetric property
i XXX XXX # Break-point #3 [m],[N] clearance
i XXX XXX # Break-point #4 [m],[N]
i XXX XXX # Break-point #5 [m],[N] clearance
i XXX XXX # Break-point #6 [m],[N]
i XXX XXX # Break-point #7 [m],[N] mechanic stop
i a1,b1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Primary susp: Viscous damper
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coupl p_nlin_st czbl = 0. #
i XXX XXX # Damping #1 [Nm/s], [m]
e XXX # Damping #2 [Nm/s] (NA if the damping characteristics is linear)
e coupl p_lin kczbl= 0. XXX # series stiffness (Cut-off frequency ~14-16Hz)
i a1,b1,h1 # Attachment coordinate in car-body
i a2,b2,h2 # Attachment coordinate in bogie frame
Axle box: Bearing
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coupl p_lin36 kmla_= 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
e 1e9 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
e 0. 1e9 0. 0. 0. 0.
e 0. 0. 1e9 0. 0. 0.
e 0. 0. 0. 1e9 0. 0.
e 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
e 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1e9
b2 # Lateral distance to center of bearing
N.B. If the clearance in the bearing in lateral direction is over ~1mm.
It might be necessary to model the lateral stiffness as non-linear
Values constant for all railway vehicle models
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func const knwr_= 600e6 # Wheel/rail normal contact stiffness
func const myt_= 2e3*2.5*2.5*1.36 # track mass
func const mzt_= myt_ # Track density ~2e3 kg/m2 (Ballast,subballast,subgrade,etc.)
func const kyrt_= 17e6 # Lateral stiffness rail-ballast
func const kzrt_= 230e6 # Vertical stiffness rail-track
func const cyrt_= 10e3 # Lateral viscous damping rail-track
func const czrt_= 1e6 # Vertical viscous damping rail-track
func const kytg= 40e6 # Lateral stiffness track-ground
func const cytg= `2*.55*sqrt(kytg*myt_)` # Lateral viscous damping track-ground
coupl p_lin kztg_= 220e6 # Vertical stiffness track-ground
func const cztg_= `2*0.36*sqrt(kztg_$2.v1*mzt_$2/2)` # Vertical viscous damping track-ground
Data depending on the running conditions
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func const bo_ = 0.75 # Lateral semi-distance between the nominal rolling circles
func const Track_Gauge= 1435. # Gauge to be used in the intpl_track_irr-commands
func char ckpfr= ENS1002t32.5_uic60i40 # Wheel-rail geometry function
func const mu_= 0.35 # Wheel/rail friction coefficient